Rokia Traoré - Wanita
by Ric Stewart
The
good news is that a young singer/songwriter from Mali, in western
Africa, is getting a North American tour and distribution in our parts
for this latest album by the reputable Harmonia Mundi, out of Los Angeles.
There isn't really any bad news, unless you're awful fussy about the sound
of your griot music.
Griots (sometimes called jalis) were singing historians,
supposedly influenced by Islamic hymnists from north of the Sahara, whose
elite status was conferred by rulers of the great Manding kingdoms which
preceded, and were ultimately destroyed by, European colonialism. They
reached their greatest extent, in what is now Mali
and smaller surrounding nations, between the 13th and 15th Centuries,
but the prestige of the griots, handed down through family lines, has
persisted into the present.
Things have changed, though. Toumani
Diabaté, whose surname reflects his griot lineage, today plays
the kora, a traditional stringed instrument, but he's played and recorded
in company with musicians from Spain and India. Salif Keita is a noble,
not a musician, by birth, but like Diabaté he's made a world-touring
career of Malian music and he makes it using electrified instruments.
Ali Farka Touré, from another noble family, plays guitar and has
recorded an album probing the roots of the blues with American Taj Mahal.
Rokia Traoré, a guitarist as well as a singer, counts
Touré as a role model. She's descended from warriors, another privileged
caste, and her father's function as diplomat took her from northern Africa
to Saudi Arabia and France in her younger years. She also spent time in
Belgium, base of the female Afro-European vocal group Zap Mama, whose
approach is echoed on the title track of "Wanita". Traoré's growing
global appeal is likely to be buoyed by, and limited by, some of the same
elements that have defined Zap Mama's success.
She has a light, lilting, wistful voice which somehow matches
her youthful physical appeal. On the opening track, "Kanan Neni", Traoré
may also remind you of a lead singer in some Motown groups of the 1960s,
and in fact she layers female vocals on that and other tracks, as they
did in Detroit.
The layering is part of what will separate the fusionists
from the purists among the listeners to Traoré. It's a little like
what happened to the blues when they evolved into r&b and eventually ended
up making a lot more money in Motown. If you want the Malian equivalent
of Delta blues, you'll probably stick by
the traditional part of the repertoire of someone like Toumani Diabaté.
It's deep, soulful, and stirring, and it's invoked by one voice and one
entrancing instrument.
If you want slicker production values with more voices
and more instruments, you'll probably be attracted to Traoré, but
you may have to leave some soul and depth behind in favor of a brighter,
perkier sound. Another risk in fatter production is that it can render
tedious some of the accouterments it borrows from roots music, such as
the narrow modal melodies and repeated phrases here.
There's much of the good in Mali's musical history remaining,
though, including the vaguely Islamic slithery decorations of Traoré's
voice and the traditional balafon (xylophone) and stringed instruments
(kora, played by Toumani Diabaté, n'goni, and n'goni bâ) which
she uses alongside the imported guitar (she plays on three tracks) and
some electric bass.
Another hint of tradition happens on "Mancipera", with the
participation of the album's only male vocalist, Boubacar Traoré,
who's also currently touring behind a much rootsier album on Indigo, "Macirâ".
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